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The diadem leaf-nosed bat〔Van Dyke, S. and Strahan, R. (eds.) (2008) ''The Mammals of Australia'', Third Edition, New Holland / Queensland Museum, Brisbane ISBN 978-1-877069-25-3〕 or diadem roundleaf bat (''Hipposideros diadema'') is one of the most widespread species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is probably most closely related to Hipposideros demissus from Makira and to Hipposideros inornatus from the Northern Territory in Australia. Hipposideros diadema is found in Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. ==Morphological description== The ''Hipposideros diadema'' are named for their complex anterior nose leaf, which is horseshoe-shaped and located on the slightly inflated nasal region. This nose shaped evolved to assist in echolocation, adding the noseleaf and the associated intricate musculature to help the nose resonate more effectively.〔Gobbel, L. 2002. Morphology of the external nose in *Hipposideros diadema * and *Lavia frons * with comments on its diversity and evolution among leaf-nosed microchiroptera. Cells Tissues Organs, 170(1): 36-60.〕 The transverse leaf is erect and there is no median projection.〔Feldhamer, G., L. Drickamer, S. Vessey, J. Merritt. 1999. Mammalogy. New York: McGraw-Hill.〕 They have huge ears mainly because of the well developed antitragus, while no tragus is present.〔DeBlase, A., R. Martin. 1981. A Manual of Mammalogy. New York: McGraw-Hill.〕 Males have a sac located posterior to the nose which can secrete a waxy substance, thought to be used in attracting mates and status determination. Body length ranges from six to ten centimeters when adult, with brown fur covering all but the limbs. The underbelly is paler in color, and white spots can be found in the shoulder region. Adults weigh between 34 and 50 grams, and the wingspan is approximately 15 to 22 cm. Hefty claws are found on the hind limbs, and a single claw on each of the forelimbs.〔Nowak, R. 1999. Walker's Mammals of the World. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press.〕 Each toe of the foot has two phalanges, and the short tail is usually enclosed within the small uropatagium.〔 The dental formula is 1/2 1/1 2/2 3/3, molars are dilambdodont, and hefty enamel tubules are present at dentin-enamel junctions.〔Lester, K., S. Hand. 1987. Chiropteran enamel structure. Journal of Scanning Microscopy, 1(1): 421-436.〕 The oral region of the skull exhibits premaxillary palatal branches that are fused medially, and widely separated from the maxillae laterally.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Diadem leaf-nosed bat」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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